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The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) anticipates that weaponization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) will fundamentally change the character of war on the battlefield, where humans can no longer keep pace with the speed and tempo of machine-led decisions during combat. This is a rough definition of the "Battlefield Singularity." The rapid development of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (Killer Robots) and advances in artificial intelligence will usher in a new stage of warfare.
While America concentrates on developing weapons capable of winning the last war, the PLA believes the next war will be fought by algorithms and they are busy developing algorithms designed to win the next war. Whereas Americans look to AI as a new engine of economic development, China sees AI as necessary for the future "intelligentized" (智能化) warfare and pursues a superpower strategy by building "algorithm superiority" in warfare. While the U.S. military is ready to refight the last war, the 3rd Department of the PLA general staff, known as 3PLA, is also building a new-breed cyberforce to be what they describe as a "winning mechanism" for warfare in the cyberspace domain. Just like the "Bomber Gap" and the "Missile Gap" during the Cold War, the U.S. may be facing an "Artificial Intelligence Gap." Unlike the Cold War however, the U.S. can't simply send a spy plane or satellite over an adversary and count the number of bomber aircraft or missile silos. The cyberwarriors the U.S. military so far can't begin to compare with the 100,000 cyberwarriors China has already fielded. And, for those ethnicentrists in the U.S. that think the Chinese cyberwarriors are amateurs, you are sadly mistaken. The Chinese cyberwarriors are very good - and, they are getting better. AI will increase their cyber warfare capability by a factor of at least 10 in the next ten years. The eventual replacement of the "man-in-the-loop" with a "man-out-of-the-loop" strategy that automates modern warfare could usher in World War III in minutes. Volume 1 addresses the fielding of Killer Robots on the field of battle and the legal implications of their use today. Volume 2 discusses the "AI Gap" between the United States and China. Volume 3 is a discussion of the Battlefield Singularity and the policy changes that will be needed to avoid strategic surprise.