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In Europe, work has long been a symbol of full citizenship and today work is a fundamental goal of European social policy. However, although every person has the 'right' to work, it is becoming clearer all the time that unemployment is not due merely to a lack of encouragement to exercise this right, but (at least in part) to some deeper defects in the implementation of effective employment policies. As a contribution to defining the nature of these problems this important collection of essays targets the phenomena of multilevel governance, both vertical (European, national, regional, local) and horizontal (administrative institutions, trade unions, business representatives, NGOs), showing, with detailed analysis and data, how coordination or conflict between the various levels advances, or fails to advance, the goals of employment policy.

Regarding the EU, five EU Member States are examined- plus, for comparative analysis, the parallel Canadian federal model - with the authors addressing such concrete issues as:

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• the impact of globalisation and Europeanisation on employment policies;
• distribution of tasks in the Open Method of Coordination (OMC);
• involvement of private and economic agents;
• the increasing significance of international political agents;
• flexicurity as an employment strategy;
• the difficulty of integrating the excluded;
• coordination with education and fiscal policies;
• social inclusion from the point of view of international human rights; and
• gender 'mainstreaming' as a weakening of the EU guarantee of gender equality.

The essays originated in a research meeting held at the Instituto Internacional de Sociolog a Jur dica at O ati (Spain) in June of 2007. Some of the contributors, all employment law experts, discuss problematic aspects of the European Employment Strategy (EES) and its influence on the decentralization of employment policies and related elements of social protection. Other authors concentrate on 'built-in' multilevel problems resulting from existing constitutional and administrative structures, while a third group focuses on substantive approaches to employment policies within individual member states. The Bulletin contains updated versions of all papers.

In this book the degree of administrative, legal, political, and cultural intricacy involved in a serious engagement with multilevel governance of employment on the European model is put on full view. As a deeply informed analysis of how the idea of multilevel governance has played out within the political and administrative reality of Member States, the book will prove of enormous value to labour and employment law professionals anywhere, as the problems identified here have a global reach.